Re: II-V-I scales

Reed Kotler Consulting ( reed@reedkotler.com )
Tue, 04 Mar 1997 15:51:26 +0000

At 01:48 PM 3/4/97 -0500, you wrote:
>>I recently started taking improv lessons from a person not affiliated
>>with my school and everything he tells me runs counter to what I learned
>>in school. I was wondering what the "right" scale to play over a II-V-I
>>progression is. My school improv course taught me to play the major
>>scale based on I. Now I'm told it's the dominant scale. For example:
>>Cm F7 Bb
>>the scale would be F G A Bb C D Eb E F
>>My teacher told me that the dominant is everything. In jazz it is the
>>tonic. Everything moves toward it or away from it so that it can move
>>back to it. I guess my question is should I stick with the school
>>coursework or this new guy?
>>Jeff Osgood
>
>
>Jeff:
>
>The dominant scale you show above is the same as the Bb major scale. Rather
>than think of three scales, be aware that you are in the key of Bb and the
>home scale works for all three chords. Why? the chords were derived from
>that scale. The music points to the I chord. That is the essence of
>functional harmony: that it functions to point out the tonic. The dominant
>is still extremely important in its role in pointing out the tonic.
>
<<snip>>

great explanation Bert.

I might add that for dominant chords, one is always free to
try the various alterations of tensions.

In other words b9, #9, #11(b5) and #5(b13).

While often in jazz theory people try and explain these
tensions as coming from diminished or alt scales, I find
this to not be supported by their use in practice
(i.e not supported by transcription of the great players).

More often than not the natural tensions from the key
are important.

For example an A7 chord in the key of C may have a b13(#5) note
played against it because F is in the key of C and that would
be the 13th.

However, there are no steadfast rules. The ear is the best guide.

While diminished and alt scales do occur and have purposes,
their importance is greatly overstated. In fact they have,
IMHO, no place except for fairly advanced students and plenty
of great players went throught their whole career never playing
or thinking about diminished or alt scales.

In general the tensions are all one needs to know.

When using dominant tensions, be careful of dominant chords
that are really just minor plagal cadence dominants.

I.e. Cm6/F == F9.

Those dominants don't allow alterations in general.

For example in "just friends":

Bb | | Bbm7 | Eb7 |
F ...

The Eb7 chord is really Bbm6/Eb so the scale (if one wishes to
think that way) is Bb jazz minor and the locked in tensions
for Eb7 are thus 9, #11, 13.

reed

Reed Kotler
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